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For the purposes of studying Chapter 11, you might ask of each decade:
Which events have the most direct significance for the issue of liberal
education discussed in this chapter?
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1960's
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1960
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Six years after the 1954 Brown v.
Board of Education decision against school segregation, the modern “sit‑in”
movement begins when four black students from North Carolina A&T College
sit at a “whites‑only” Woolworth’s lunch counter and refuse to leave
when denied service
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1961
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Michael
Harrington publishes The Other America, revealing widespread poverty in
United States
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1962
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The All‑African
Organization of Women is founded to discuss the right to vote, activity in
local and national governments, women in education, and medical services for
women
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1963
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More than 200,000
marchers from all over the United States stage the largest protest
demonstration in the history of Washington, D.C.; the “March on Washington”
procession moves from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial;
Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King delivers “I Have a Dream” speech
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1964
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Economic
Opportunity Act funds Job Corps and Head Start programs
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1966
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Former teacher Margaret C. McNamara
founds Reading is FUNdamental (RIF)
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1968
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Large scale antiwar
demonstrations (Columbia and other universities and Democratic Convention)
Rioting in poor urban
neighborhoods
American Indian
Movement (AIM) launched
Alicia Escalante
forms East Los Angeles Welfare Rights Organization, the first Chicano welfare
rights group
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1969
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The Stonewall
rebellion in New York City marks the beginning of the gay rights movement
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1970s
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1970
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A subcommittee
of the House of Representatives holds hearings on sex discrimination in
education, the first in U.S. history
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1971
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Sidney
Marland calls for career education for all students at all grade levels
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1973
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Supreme court
bars state restrictions on abortions (Roe v. Wade)
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1975
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Congress passes Education for
All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94‑142)
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1978
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For
the first time in American history more women than men enter college
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1979
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The
Moral Majority is founded, forming a new coalition of conservative and
Christian fundamentalist voters in resistance to “liberal excesses” of 1960s
and early 1970s
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1979
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U.S.‑supported
dictator Shah of Iran flees revolution; Iranian militants seize 66 U.S.
hostages, and nightly television coverage for next 444 days of captivity
establishes news program, Nightline
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1980s
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1980
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One
million African‑American students enrolled in colleges and universities
in the United States
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1980
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Ronald Reagan is elected president,
promising to reverse the “liberal trends in government”
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1981
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IBM personal computer
is marketed
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1982
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Unemployment exceeds
10 percent for first time since great depression of 1930s; federal budget
deficit exceeds $100 million for first time
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1984
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Education
for Economic Security Act (Public Law 98‑377) passed, adding new science
and math programs at all levels of schooling
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1984
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Carl
D. Perkins Vocational Education Act continues federal aid for vocational
education until 1989
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1989
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L. Douglas Wilder of
Virginia becomes first African‑American to be elected a state governor.
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1990s
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1991
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Congress
passes $1.3 billion amendments to Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied
Technology Act
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1991
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Unemployment
rate rises to highest level in a decade
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1992
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American with
Disabilities Act, the most sweeping antidiscrimination legislation since the
Civil Rights Act of 1964, guarantees equal access for disabled people
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1992
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With unemployment at 7.8
percent, Bill Clinton defeats George Bush and Ross Perot for presidency; Bush
pardons six Reagan administration officials for involvement in scandal
involving trading arms to Iran for money to be used in secret U.S.
involvement in Nicaragua
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1993
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United States follows other
industrialized nations with Family Leave Act that guarantees workers up to 12
weeks of unpaid leave for medical emergencies
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1996
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Census
Bureau reports that the gap between the richest 20 percent of Americans and
everyone else has reached postwar high
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1997
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U.S. economy continues
to grow, driving unemployment below 5 percent for first time in 24 years; Dow
Jones industrial average tops 7,000 in February and 8,000 in July; mergers
and acquisitions of major corporations reach all‑time high
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1998
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President
Clinton announces budget surplus of over $70 billion, the first since 1969
and the largest ever
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1999
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Dow Jones hits
record high above 11,000 shares
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1999
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Kansas Board of Education votes
against testing any Kansas students on science curriculum related to theory
and science of evolution (but it would be restored in 2001 by new School
Board)
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1999
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Federal Communications Commission loosens
restrictions on any one company controlling too much of the cable industry,
allowing AT&T to win more than a third of the nation’s TV, phone, and
high‑speed Internet franchises
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1999
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For
fourth straight year, Senate Republicans kill legislation to reform nation’s
campaign finance system by using filibuster to prevent cloture vote
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2000’s
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2000
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A team of U.S. scientists and one British scientist announce
they have determined the structure of the human genome
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2001
|
Energy-trading
company Enron becomes the largest firm ever to file for bankruptcy, leading
to far-reaching financial and political scandal
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2001
|
President
Bush announces U.S. withdrawal from the 1972
Antiballistic Missile Treaty
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2003
|
Californians
vote to recall Governor Gray Davis, replacing him with actor Arnold Schwarzenegger
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2003
|
U.S.
unemployment rises to highest level in nine years, 6.4%. White House projects $450 billion budget
deficit for 2003, the largest in U.S. history.
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2004
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J.P. Morgan Chase
acquires Bank One for $58 billion and stock, further concentrating wealth.
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